| Type of case | anvil | ||||||
| Complexity | simple | ||||||
| Convection | no convection | ||||||
| Electric field kV/m | Min Em_m = 0.009 Max Em_m = 8.671 Mean Em_m = 0.668 | ||||||
| Microphysics #/Liter |
| ||||||
| Location | (x,y) ~ (5,-40) | ||||||
| Storm Motion | 2.0 m/s south, 2.0 m/s west, gives: 2.8 m/s SW | ||||||
Brief Description | This shows precip going to the ground, but no cores. |
| Type of case | debris | ||||||
| Complexity | simple | ||||||
| Convection | no convectoin | ||||||
| Electric field kV/m | Min Em_m = 0.013 Max Em_m = 0.325 Mean Em_m = 0.058 | ||||||
| Microphysics #/Liter |
| ||||||
| Location | (x,y) ~ (0,-35) | ||||||
| Storm Motion | 0 | ||||||
Brief Description | This is very close to the radar data void and rather small so we can't really say much about it. |
| Type of case | anvil, detached | ||||||
| Complexity | simple | ||||||
| Convection | no convection | ||||||
| Electric field kV/m | Min Em_m = 0.055 Max Em_m = 0.273 Mean Em_m = 0.146 | ||||||
| Microphysics #/Liter |
| ||||||
| Location | (x,y) ~ (20,-45) | ||||||
| Storm Motion | 0 | ||||||
Brief Description | It is possible this anvil is from the cell studied in Case 1. |
| Type of case | anvil, attached | ||||||
| Complexity | simple | ||||||
| Convection | single cell | ||||||
| Electric field kV/m | Min Em_m = 0.043 Max Em_m = 37.928 Mean Em_m = 2.970 | ||||||
| Microphysics #/Liter |
| ||||||
| Location | (x,y) ~ (-10,-70) | ||||||
| Storm Motion | 0 | ||||||
Brief Description | At this time this is a separate cell with some lightning. It will soon be taken over by the one to the south. This anvil becomes detached at about 2003. |
| Type of case | anvil | ||||||
| Complexity | simple | ||||||
| Convection | single, large cell | ||||||
| Electric field kV/m | Min Em_m = 0.164 Max Em_m = 55.885 Mean Em_m = 9.268 | ||||||
| Microphysics #/Liter |
| ||||||
| Location | (x,y) ~ (0,-110) | ||||||
| Storm Motion | 0 m/s until about 2045 when it exits the frame at 9.8m/s west, 3.3 m/s north gives: 10.3 m/s NW. | ||||||
Brief Description | This cell started off a moderate size when the aircraft took off, but it grew. The >= 45 dBZ region in the 4 km level at 2009 is abotu 40kmx30km with maximum > 60 dBZ. |
There isn't a lot of motion in this system until about 2032 or 2045.
The aircraft arrives early in the development of this storm. It starts off as a line of small convective cells. The northern most cells deminish while the southern most cell gets so large that it eventually becomes the only thing there.
There is quite a lot of lightning associated with the cell. At about 2104 - 2135 there appears to be lightning out in the anvil.
Investigator: Jim Dye, Geoff Dix
[presented on January 23, 2002]
Description:
CASE 1: (1901 - 2259)
The first storm worked by the Citation first gave radar return at 7 km
between 1645 and 1700 near X,Y of -10,-20 to -35 and showed 3 cells
close together.
[RADAR LINK]
[Click on 7 km only, then click on CAPPIS from 1644 to 2014 -- this shows
the sequence from before first echo of CASE 1 to the beginning of the
Citation penetrations near the core of CASE 3.]
There was little movement of this cluster over the
next hour or more. By 1715 the refelectivity at 7 km was slightly in
excess of 40 dBZ. A fourth, stronger cell appeared on the south end of
this cluster near 1800. The weakness and small area of these cells at
10km altitude suggest tops did not go much above 10km. What little
anvil that appeared seemed to move to the ENE but most in the 7 to 10
km levels.
The first lightning occurred in these cells at 1710 and by 1800 approx.
15 flashes had occurred.
[LIGHTNING Grid 1]
[LIGHTNING Grid 2]
We need to examine the LDAR and CGLSS
with better time and spatial resolution to determine the time of the
last flash in this cluster of cells, but it appears that it might be
near 1815.
The Citation took off at 1848 and flew chaotic
patterns thru the debris and poorly formed anvil until about 1900 when
it moved to the 2nd case. The E field during this first case was very
weak except near 1907 when the A/C flew near somewhat higher
reflectivity of ~20 dBZ.
[MER Applet]
Althought the A/C was
in weaker reflectivity than 10 dBZ there was ~20dBZ within 5 to 10 km.
This example shows the importance of looking at reflectivity not only
at the A/C location, but also nearby.
CASE 2:
Near 1900 a new stronger cell(s) appeared at X,Y=-1-,-75 with 54 dBZ at
7 km at 1900. The first small cell was probably present by 1845. From
1915 to 1930 it weakens but still has reflectivity of 40 to 45 dBZ at
7km. Because of spoking of the LDAR VHF sources it is hard to tell the
time of the first lightning, but it was clearly active with CG flashes
by 1900. The lightning from this cell is melded with flashed from the
early cells to the north and makes it hard to distinquish which cell
had what lightning.
The Citation moved to this cell at 1930 making it's first pass N to S
near reflectivities of 20 to 30 dBZ. E fields on this pass were
30 to 40 kV/m. LINK MER 1937 The Citation made a 270 degr. loop and then proceeded
East along the anvil which was moving directly E at 7 km, but the pass
was on the southern edge so the E fields were not as large as near the
cores. The measured E fields decreased with time, but the A/C did not
pass through the higher reflectivities (~10-20 dBZ) so it's hard to know
if strong E fields existed. During this case there is a good association between
strong E field and larger reflectivity.
Near 2000 the A/C started towards the big complex of very strong cells
which had moved/propagated north from Lake Ochochobee. This complex
produce the long, long-lived anvil which was presented for CASE 3.
Summary
|
Type of case
Complexity Convection Electric field Precipitation Location Focus issues
|
debris with weak anvil
cluster of small cells yes probably still precipitating during the flight yes south, south East of KSC ~30 km;
|
Instruments
|
Airborne mills
Ground KSC mills Radar WSR74C Nexrad KMLB LDAR CGLSS FSSP 2-DC HVPS CPI GOES |
ok.
ok. ok. ok. ok. ok. ok. ok. ok. ok. ? |
HTML page with regrouped plots: 25 June 2001
Detailed analysis of the measurements:
volume scan @ 194909 UT
1940-1950
- No particle observations because out of cloud.
- UND-Citation was heading to the storm after notification
- A self calibration of the mills was carried out during that period.
volume scan @ 195146 UT
1950-2000
- The aircraft was arriving in the area of the anvil (see the track
of the aircraft as
well the 74C and nexrad plots).
- First FSSP sensed small particles the cloud, then 2DC reported particles.
- MEz (from M-matrix) and KEz (from K-matrix) were similar.
Copyright © UCAR 1998 - Disclaimer - mmminfo@ncar.ucar.edu
Last Modified: 17 Jan 2002