MMM ANNUAL SCIENTIFIC REPORT, FY 96

TABLE OF CONTENTS

MMM Research Highlights

• PHYSICS OF MESOSCALE WEATHER SYSTEMS
  • Baroclinic Waves, Cyclones and Fronts
    • Surface Drag and Frontogenesis
    • Frontal Dynamics
    • Rocky Mountain Lee Cyclogenesis
    • Predictability of an Extratropical Marine Cyclone
    • Mesoscale Convective Systems Along the Mei-Yu Front
    • Simulation of East Asian Monsoon
  • Mesoscale Convective Systems
    • Case Study: A Mesoscale Convective System (MCS) in Weak Shear
    • Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment
    • Mesoscale - Convective Vortices
    • Helicity Versus Vertical Wind Shear
    • Supercell Dynamics
    • VORTEX Case Studies
    • Convective Storm Interactions
  • TOGA COARE
    • The Structure of Mesoscale Convective Systems as a Function of Environment
    • Convective Cores in COARE
    • Case Studies

• ADVANCED NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION
  • Numerical Methods
    • The Method of Averages for Simulating Flows with Multiple Time Scales
    • Forward-in-time Differencing for a Shallow Fluid on the Sphere
    • High-performance Computing for Atmospheric Flows
    • COMMAS Model Development
    • Integration Techniques for Compressible Equations
    • Next Generation Mesoscale Forecast Model

  • Data Assimilation
    • Adaptive Observations in Data-sparse Regions
    • Assimilation of Actual GPS/MET Refractivity Profiles
    • Assimilation of GPS/MET Refraction Angle Data
    • Development of 4DVAR Systems
    • Satellite Data Assimilation
    • Assimilation of Rainfall Observations
    • Assimilation of Radar Data Associated with a Snowband: An OSSE Study
    • Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program

  • Model Verification
    • Verification of MM5 Forecasts Made During WISP-94

  • Experimental Numerical Weather Prediction
    • MM5 Real-time Forecasts
    • Development of an Operational Mesoscale Prediction System for Hong Kong
    • Typhoon Vortex Bogussing Procedure
    • Distributed Numerical Weather Prediction

  • Adjoint Variational Data Assimilation

• FLOW OVER COMPLEX TERRAIN
  • HaRP Observational Analysis
  • HaRP Modeling
  • Hawaiian Rainbands: Effects of Thermal Forcing on the Flow Dynamics
  • Critical Levels in Stratified 3D Flow Past an Isolated Obstacle
  • Hong Kong Project
  • Front Range Windstorms
  • Arizona Program: Assessing the Potential for Winter Precipitation Enhancement
  • Longmont Mesoscale Anticyclone
  • Coastal Meteorology
    • Interaction of Fronts with Orography
    • Coastally Trapped Disturbances

• ROLE OF CLOUDS, CLOUD SYSTEMS, AND BOUNDARY LAYER PROCESSES IN CLIMATE
  • NCAR Clouds in Climate Program (CCP)
  • Intercomparison of Stratocumulus-topped PBL Simulation from Different Numerical Codes
  • A Numerical Study of the Diurnal Cycle of Tropical Oceanic Convection
  • Cloud-resolving Modeling of GATE Cloud Systems
  • Long-term Simulations of the TOGA COARE Cloud Systems: Quantitative Evaluation
  • Density Currents in Shear
  • Convective Momentum Transport in a Large-scale Context
  • Dynamical Effects of Ice-phase Physics on Tropical Squall Lines
  • Impact of TOGA COARE Convective Systems on the Boundary Layer
  • Response of the Ocean Mixed Layer to Squall-line Forcing
  • COARE Sounding Humidity Biases
  • Horizontal Scale of Turbulent Fluxes

• TURBULENCE, AND BOUNDARY LAYER STRUCTURE AND TRANSPORT
  • NCAR's Geophysical Turbulence Program in MMM
  • Small-scale Turbulence
  • Eddy Diffusion in Stably Stratified and Rotating Turbulence
  • A Re-examination of Two-dimensional Turbulence
  • Gravity Wave Breaking in the Middle Atmosphere
  • DNS Convection Studies
  • Turbulence, Waves and Cloud Formation in the Arctic Fall Season
  • Entrainment Across a Stably Stratified Interface
  • Langmuir Turbulence in the Oceanic PBL
  • Roughness Effects on Flow Structures
  • Lagrangian Dispersion Modeling Using LES Fields
  • Dispersion Experiments in a Laboratory Convection Tank
  • Studying the Baroclinic PBL Observationally and Numerically
  • Microfronts
  • BOREAS
  • Remote Water Vapor Flux Measurements
  • ACE-1
  • PEM-Tropics

• PHYSICAL PROCESSES WITHIN CLOUDS
  • Microphysical Structure and Evolution of Hawaiian Rainbands
  • The Small Cumulus Microphysics Study (SCMS) and Studies of Coalescence
  • The Glaciation and Electrification of Florida Clouds
  • Ice Formation in Clouds
  • Ice Crystal Studies
  • Contrail Studies
  • Tropical Cirrus Studies
  • Balloon-borne Ice Particle Replicator
  • A New Instrument for Counting CCN and IN
  • Tropospheric Aerosol Studies
  • The STERAO Deep Convection Experiment
  • Polar Stratospheric Clouds

• COUPLED ATMOSPHERE-FIRE MODELING

• DIVISION COMPUTING

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