IV. Community Service and Educational Activities

1. Community Service

A. Community Model -- MM5

1. MM5 Model Development

The major development on MM5 in the past year is the Version 3 modeling system release. This system was first released in July 1999. The main upgrade of the Version 3 modeling system includes:

1. The addition of a land-surface model in MM5
2. Improvement of efficiency through code reconstruction in the model
3. Y2K compliancy of the date manipulation
4. The use of a new and more efficient input/output file format
5. A new set of pre-processing programs that make use of generalized data input formats

A complete set of one-source modeling system programs that can now be run on both Cray and workstation platforms.

Jimy Dudhia, David Gill, Yong-Run Guo, Wei Huang, Kevin Manning, and Wei Wang contributed to the development. The new land-surface model in MM5 was a collaborative effort with Fei Chen (RAP). John Michalakes (visitor, Argonne National Laboratory) developed the MPI MM5 for the Version 3 release.

Version 3 of the model has a new solver routine, which is the main driver routine for physics and dynamics. Work was done mostly by Huang in restructuring this routine with significant code cleanup and a 10 percent improvement in efficiency in terms of CPU time on most platforms. Another purpose of the code change was to allow for increased efficiency in adjoint development.

The Schultz microphysical scheme, an efficient method designed for real-time forecast models, was developed by Paul Schultz (NOAA/Forecast Systems Laboratory) and released in December 1998.

The Eta Mellor-Yamada planetary boundary scheme became an option in the released version of MM5 in December 1998, and the Gayno-Seaman boundary-layer scheme developed at Pennsylvania State University was released as part of Version 3.

Work done for the Air Force Weather Agency (AFWA) was also incorporated into the standard model. This includes additional name-list variables for control of some physics parameters, particularly in cumulus schemes, and also allowing for easier changes to land-surface properties via a new input table. High-resolution datasets of land-use from the USGS AVHRR satellite survey are also now available to the users. The AFWA also had needs regarding splitting model output files and initializing nests with high-resolution terrain starting later than the parent domain. These needs were met with releases in late 1998.

2. User Support

The user base continued to expand in 1999. The current MM5 mailing list contains 550 names from over 200 institutions worldwide. Over 1800 emails from users were addressed.

3. Workshops

The Ninth Annual Users' Workshop was held on 23-24 June 1999. With 110 participants from 80 institutions worldwide, this was the largest users' workshop ever. Fifty-six presentations were given at the workshop. The Users' Workshop is viewed as a forum to bring the MM5 model developers and users together to exchange and discuss new developments and applications of the model.

In order to introduce land-surface modeling to MM5 users and promote exchange between land-surface and mesoscale modeling communities, MMM in co-sponsorship with RAP, initiated the Workshop on Land-Surface Modeling and Applications to Mesoscale Models with RAP. The workshop took place in conjunction with the MM5 Users' Workshop (24-25 June 1999). Eighteen speakers from the land-surface modeling community spoke at the workshop with topics ranging from recent advances in land-surface modeling, soil-moisture data assimilation, applications for mesoscale weather prediction, air pollution study, and regional climate simulations.

A special session was also held during the MM5 Users' Workshop to discuss the initiative of developing a regional climate modeling capability in MM5. This initiative, proposed by MMM and Argonne National Laboratory, and later joined by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, would bring scattered efforts of developing a regional climate model together and add and develop new capabilities to the current MM5. The response to the initiative was very positive, and a follow-up meeting is planned for January 2000.

4. Educational Activities for MM5

MM5 Tutorial

Two MM5 modeling system tutorial classes were held in January and June 1999 with a total of 77 participants from 68 institutions in both classes. The number of people trained in FY 99 was the largest since the tutorial first took place in early 1990's.

3DVAR Short Course

A half-day of 3DVAR lectures was offered on 22 June 1999, prior to the MM5 Users' Workshop. Thirty-five people participated. The lectures were introductions to the developmental MM5 3DVAR system.

B. Data Analysis Software Support

Sherrie Fredrick and L. Jay Miller continued support of software developed largely for the analysis of measurements from field observation programs. Although the Program for Data Analysis Software (PDAS) was discontinued for budgetary reasons, Miller created a modest website for data analysis software packages developed in MMM and elsewhere within NCAR. This site has brief descriptions of the packages with links to more detailed documentation and the procedure to obtain MMM-developed software source code tarfiles from this site. The software source code includes the MMM Plan Position Indicator (PPI) program for algebraic manipulation and display of radar data in the radar sampling space, SPRINT (Sorted Position Radar INTerpolator) for gridding radar data, and CEDRIC (Custom Editing and Display of Reduced Information in Cartesian space) for analysis and display of gridded data.

Fredrick added the capability to read and write the RAP-developed Multiple Data Volume (MDV) format to provide a link between CEDRIC and other RAP software packages.

C. Field Campaigns

	Above: MMM's infrared camera records the action during FROSTFIRE.	Above: Janice Coen shows off her NOMEX® heat- and fire-resistant uniform while parked in a "No Parking" zone during FROSTFIRE.
	Above: Larry Radke (RAP) and Terry Clark watch the proceedings during FROSTFIRE.	Above: This helicopter aided in starting a "prescribed fire" as part of the FROSTFIRE project.

D. Scientific Community Interactions

1. Collaborative Visits to Universities and Agencies

2. Visitor Program

Visitors come from all over the world to interact with the staff and visitors of MMM. The number of visitors within MMM continue to increase.

The Visitor Program supports hundreds of visitors each year, financially and/or with facilities and computing resources. All levels from the scientific community come to visit, from senior scientists to students. Often students arrive to do a practicum or the research for their thesis. For more information on the MMM Visitor Program see <http://box.mmm.ucar.edu/>.

	Above: Sonia Lasher-Trapp, ASP visitor with an office in MMM, and her husband, Jeffrey Trapp, an MMM long-term visitor, with baby Noah.	Above: MMM's Annual Paper Airplane Contest, held during the summer when there are the largest number of visitors.

3. Workshops and Colloquia

The following MMM staff were integral in the planning or organizing of workshops or colloquia:

Richard Carbone organized the USWRP Science Symposium in Boulder, CO, in March 1999 with 60 participants. He was session chair at the IUGG/ICCP Symposium on Quantitative Precipitation Forecasting in Birmingham, UK, with 100 participants in July 1999. He was session chair at the Radar Meteorological Conference in Montreal, Quebec, in July 1999, sponsored by the American Meteorology Society consisting of 400 participants.

Andrew Heymsfield organized the INDOEX Workshop in Utrecht, Netherlands, sponsored by the National Science Foundation in September 1999. One hundred participants attended.

Charles Knight and James Dye organized the Ice in the Atmosphere Symposium sponsored by ASP on 14-25 June 1999 in Boulder, CO. The Symposium had 30 participants.

Donald Lenschow helped organize the GTP Small-Scale Turbulence Workshop on 9-11 August 1999 in Boulder, CO, with 30 participants. He also organized the DYCOMS II Workshop on 16 September 1999 with 17 participants, which was also held in Boulder.

Chin-Hoh Moeng organized the GTP Small-Scale Turbulence Workshop at NCAR on 9-11 August 1999 with 30 participants. She also co-organized, Wojciech Grabowski, the Workshop on Parameterization of Cloud and Surface Processes in Large-Scale Models which was held in Estes Park, CO on 13-15 September 1999. There were 25 attendees.

Mitchell Moncrieff organized the Clouds: Their Dynamics, Physics and Parameterization Workshop in Birmingham, UK, with 150 participants, sponsored by the IUGG, and held on 20-30 July 1999. He was the session chair of the Parameterization of Moist Convection workshop in Hague, Netherlands, sponsored by the EGS, with 60 participants, and held on 20 April 1999.

Richard Rotunno organized the MAP (Mesoscale Alpine Project) Science Meeting, 7-11 June 1999 in Switzerland. There were 200 participants.

Chris Snyder co-organizer, with Thomas Hamill (ASP), for the Workshop on Ensemble Forecasting at the Short and Medium Ranges with 50 participants in Boulder, CO, on 9-11 September 1999.

Wei Wang organized the MM5 Model Tutorials. The first was held on 19-22 January 1999 with 34 participants, and the other on 15-18 June 1999 with 43 participants. She also organized the Ninth Annual MM5 Users' Workshop, held on 23-25 June 1999 with 118 participants, and the Workshop on Land-Surface Modeling and Applications to Mesoscale Models, held on 26-27 June 1999 with 110 participants

4. Editorships of Peer-Reviewed Journals

• Roelof Bruintjes: Journal of Applied Meteorology, Assistant Editor, January 1999 to present
• Christopher Davis: Monthly Weather Review, Associate Editor, 1996 to1999
• Ying-Hwa Kuo and Dave Jorgensen: Monthly Weather Review, Co-Chief Editors, 1998 to present
• Donald Lenschow: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Editorial Board, 1995 to present; Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, Editorial Board, 1993 to present
• Chin-Hoh Moeng: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Associate Editor, 1992 to present
• Richard Rotunno: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Associate Editor, January 1999 to present
• Piotr Smolarkiewicz: Journal of Computational Physics, Associate Editor, 1997 to present; Applied Mathematics & Computational Science, Editorial Board, 1997 to present
• Chris Snyder: Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, Associate Editor, January 1999 to present
• Stanley Trier: Monthly Weather Review, Associate Editor, 1998 to present
• Jeffrey Weil: Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Editorial Board, 1998 to present
• Morris Weisman: Monthly Weather Review, Associate Editor, 1998 to present; Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences, Advisory Board, 1999 to present

5. External Scientific, Policy, or Educational Committees or Advisory Panels

William Bonner

• Chair, National Advisory Panel, Earth Studies Program, Clark Atlanta University, 1994-1999
• Member, National Research Council, National Weather Service Modernization Committee, 1995-1999
• Member, UCAR/NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Predictions) Advisory Panel, 1995-1999
• Chair, National Advisory Panel, Meteorology Program, Jackson State University 1996-1999
• Chair, NRC Subcommittee, Observer Program/Climate Record, 1998

Richard Carbone

• Member, USWRP (United States Weather Research Program) Science Steering Committee, April 1999 to April 2002
• Vice-President, IUGG/IAMAS (International Union of Geodesy & Geophysics / International Association of Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics), July 1999 to July 2003
• Member, USWRP Interagency Working Group, October 1995 to March 1999
• Member, NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory) Science Review Panel, 1999
• Member, National Academy of Sciences, NRC GEWEX (National Research Council - Global Energy and Water-cycle Experiment) Panel, 1997 to 2000
• Chair, NCEP (National Centers for Environmental Prediction) /Hydrometeorological Prediction Center Review Panel, October 1998 to June 1999
• Vice Chair, NCEP Advisory Panel, 1996 to 2000
• Chair, WWRP (World Weather Research Program) Science Steering Committee, 1998 to 2002
• Chair, USWRP Science Steering Committee, 1995 to 1999
• Member, AMS Committee on Weather and Forecasting, 1998 to 2000
• Member, NOAA/NAOS (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/North American Observing System) Test and Evaluation Working Group, 1997 to present

Christopher Davis

• Ex-officio Member, AMS (American Meteorological Society) Mesoscale Committee, January 1998 to January 1999
• Chair, Eighth American Meteorological Society (AMS) Conference on Mesoscale Processes, 28 June to 1 July 1999

James Dye

• Member, American Geophysical Union (AGU) - Committee on Atmospheric and Space Electricity, 1994 to present
• Member, Organizing Committee, 11th International Conference on Atmospheric Electricity - Gunthersville, AL, June 1999

Joseph Klemp

• Chair, American Meteorological Society Information Systems Committee, 1995 to present
• Member, American Meteorological Society Publications Commission, 1986 to present
• Member, Naval Research Laboratory Marine Meteorology Review Panel, May 1999

Mitchell Moncrieff

• Member, WCRP/GEWEX (World Climate Research Program/Global Energy and Water-cycle Experiment) Scientific Steering Group, 1997 to present
• Member, Department of Energy/ARM (Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program) Tropical Pacific Advisory Committee, 1994 to present
• Member, Scientific Steering Committee, Maritime Continent Thunderstorm Experiment (MCTEX), Darwin, Australia, 1993 to present
• Member, Science Panel, GCSS (GEWEX Cloud System Study), 1992 to present.
• Member, Program Review Panel, Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorology, University of Oklahoma/NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory), Oklahoma, USA, 1991 to present

Richard Rotunno

• Member, Scientific Steering Committee/USWRP (U. S. Weather Research Program), April 1998 to present

Peter Sullivan

• Member, Workshop on Air/Sea Interaction, June 1999

Jielun Sun

• Member, American Meteorological Society Boundary Layer and Turbulence Committee, 1998 to 2000
• Program Chair, 14th American Meteorological Society Boundary Layer and Turbulence Meeting, 1999 to 2000

Jeffrey Trapp

• Member, AMS STAC (Scientific & Technological Activities Committee) on Severe Local Storms, 1999

Jeffrey Weil

• Chair, American Meteorological Society (AMS) Committee on Meteorological Aspects of Air Pollution, January 1998 to present
• Chair, AMS/EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) Regulatory Model Improvement Committee, June 1991 to present

Morris Weisman

• Member, American Meteorological Society (AMS) Committee on Severe Local Storms, 1998 to 2000

6. Honors and Awards

• David Gill: MMM Division Incentive Award, December 1998
• Kyoko Ikeda: The Stormy Rottman Scholarship, Metropolitan State College of Denver, August 1999
• Charles Knight: UCAR Outstanding Performance Award in Education, December 1998
• Margaret LeMone: Member NAE, 1999; Fellow, American Meteorological Society, 1999; Fellow, AAAS, 1999; Editor's Award, American Meteorological Society 1999
• Donald Lenschow: UCAR Outstanding Performance Award in Publications, December 1998
• Edward Patton: Research Scholar, Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, July 1999
• Jordan Powers: MMM Division Incentive Award, December 1998
• Patricia Waukau, MMM Division Incentive Award, December 1998

	Above: Senior Scientist Emeritus Jackson Herring at his retirement reception.	Above: MMM Director Robert Gall (center) with Incentive Award recipients Jordan Powers (left) and David Gill (right).

2. Educational Activities

A. College & University Outreach

Several MMM staff members began or continued with official teaching or advising arrangements within the university community.

Teaching Arrangements

• Christopher Davis, Adjunct Professor, North Carolina State University and Colorado State University
• James Dye, Graduate Faculty Affiliate, Colorado State University
• Andrew Heymsfield, Affiliate Professor, University of Wisconsin-Madison
• Charles Knight, Adjunct Professor, University of Wyoming
• Ying-Hwa Kuo, Affiliate Professor, National Central University, Taiwan
• Margaret LeMone, Adjunct Professor, University of Colorado and Affiliate Professor, Colorado State University
• Chin-Hoh Moeng, Affiliate Professor, Colorado State University
• Peter Sullivan, Affiliate Professor, Colorado State University
• Jielun Sun, Substitute Instructor, Colorado State University

Graduate Research Advisors

• Roelof Bruintjes, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico
• Richard Carbone, University of Illinios at Urbana-Champaign
• Terry Clark, University of Colorado
• Janice Coen, University of Colorado
• Andrew Heymsfield, University of Colorado
• Charles Knight, Colorado School of Mines & Technology
• Ying-Hwa Kuo, Seoul National University

Thesis Committee Members

• Mary Barth, University of Arizona and Stanford University
• Roelof Bruintjes, Universidad Autonoma de Mexico
• Richard Carbone, University of California, Los Angeles
• Christopher Davis, North Carolina State University and Colorado State University
• James Dye, Colorado State University
• Andrew Heymsfield, University of Colorado
• Charles Knight, Colorado School of Mines & Technology
• Ying-Hwa Kuo, St. Louis University
• Margaret LeMone, University of Colorado
• Donald Lenschow, University of Colorado
• Chin-Hoh Moeng, University of California, Davis and Colorado State University
• Chris Snyder, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and State University of New York at Albany
• Morris Weisman, University of Oklahoma

B. Participation in UCAR/NCAR/UOP Programs

LEARN: Atmospheric Science Explorers
(http://www.dir.ucar.edu/iss/learn/)

The Program LEARN (Laboratory Experience in Atmospheric Research at NCAR), provides teachers in selected rural districts in Colorado access to the resources of a national laboratory and the opportunity to interact with NCAR research scientists. LEARN is funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and is a collaborative effort between NCAR and Science Discovery, a K-12 educational outreach program of the University of Colorado. LEARN offers training through summer workshops at NCAR and in-services in each district represented to enable teachers to implement atmospheric science curriculum in their schools and districts.

MMM scientists who contributed to Program LEARN in FY 99 include:

• Charles Knight - Cloud chamber/air pressure/water vapor, LEARN instructor in school districts
• Nancy Knight – Intern Days, Cloud Physics Lab
• Margaret LeMone - LEARN Project Instructor; CU Adjoint Faculty, LEARN instructor in school districts during summer
• Rajul Pandya - Heat Transport/Interns - explore radiation, instructor in school districts during summer

Significant Opportunities in Atmospheric Research and Science (SOARS)
(http://www.fin.ucar.edu/soars/)

The mission of the SOARS program is to increase ethnic diversity within the scientific community of the future in the areas of atmospheric and related sciences. SOARS was established by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) through partnership with the National Science Foundation (NSF) and support from the Department of Energy (DOE), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and the UCAR university community. Students from minority groups that are under-represented in the atmospheric sciences are teamed with scientific research, technical writing, and community mentors in NCAR and UOP in a ten-week summer program in which the students participate in a research project. MMM scientists and administrative staff participated in the success of this program through sponsoring the following students:

• Andrew Church, University of New Mexico; Science Mentor: Tom Hamill
• Darnell Powers, Truman State University; Science Mentor: Mary Barth; Scientific Writing Mentor: Toni Biter
• Sara Tessendorf, University of Nebraska; Science Mentor: Jeffrey Trapp; Scientific Writing Mentor: Joan Chiszar

Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education and Training (COMET)
(http://www.comet.ucar.edu/)

The mission of the COMET Program is to enhance meteorology education in universities and meteorological services throughout the world, both on-site and through distance learning technology.

MMM staff contributing to the COMET Program during FY 99 include:

• James Bresch served as a COMAP scientific mentor.
• N. Andrew Crook served as a COMAP scientific mentor.
• Margaret LeMone redesigned the COMET COMAP t-shirt.
• Jordan Powers provided COMAP course support.
• Jeffrey Trapp served as a COMAP lecturer.
• Stanley Trier served as a COMAP lecturer.
• Morris Weisman taught "The Dynamics of Convective Storms and Mesoscale Convective Systems," as well as served as an invited lecturer and mentor during the COMET COMAP course.

C. Non-Technical and Educational Outreach

MMM staff often represent the meteorological community in an outreach capacity. They are encouraged to give non-technical presentations, or educational talks or assistance whenever possible. Members of MMM staff made the following contributions in FY 99:

Daniel Breed

• "Latitude/Longitude," Mapleton Elementary School, Boulder, CO, December 1998
• "Navigation," Mapleton Elementary School, Boulder, CO, January 1999
• "Earthquakes," Mapleton Elementary School, Boulder, CO, March 1999

Margaret LeMone

• "El Nino, Radiation" Lamar, Alamosa, Bayfield, Denver, Sterling, Grand Junction and Montrose, CO, October1998 – January 1999
• Review Session (Climate) to the above, June 1999

Stanley Trier

• Weather Presentation to Mountain View Elementary School Third Grade, Broomfield, CO, April 1999

Morris Weisman

• "Tornadoes and Hailstorms of Colorado," Colorado Chapter of the American College of Surgeons, June 1999
• "May 3, 1999 Tornado Outbreak in Central Oklahoma and Kansas," UCAR Press Conference, Boulder, CO, 4 May 1999
• "May 3, 1999 Tornado Outbreak in Central Oklahoma and Kansas," Congressional Briefing, Washington, DC, 26 May 1999
• Testimony for Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and Subcommittee on Basic Research, and the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC, 16 June 1999