CHAPTER 16: DISPLAY AND CONVERSION OF IMAGES AND MOVIES

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16.1 Displaying Image Files

UNIX Programs Used to View Image Files

    xv
        - Used to view a variety image formats (Section 16.3)

    display (ImageMagic)
        - Used to view a variety image formats (Section 16.3)

    imgview (SGI)
        - Used to view a variety image formats
           (Supported formats are listed by the imgformats command)

16.2 Viewing Movie Files

UNIX Programs Used to View Animation and Movie Files

    movieplayer (Associated program dmconvert is used to convert between var ious formats.)
        - Used to view
            AVI movie files (*.avi)
            Quicktime movie files (*.mov)
            SGI movie files (*.sgimv)
        - Available on SGI systems

    mpeg_play
        - Used to view MPEG-1 files (*.mpeg *.mpg)
        - Available on Alpha, Linux, SGI, and SUN system s

    xanim
        - Used to view
            Animated GIF files (*.gif)
            AVI movie files (*.avi)
            Quicktime movie files (*.mov)
            SGI movie files (*.sgimv)
        - Available on Alpha, Linux, SGI, and SUN system

Common Animation and Movie Formats

  Animation Formats

    Animated GIF (*.gif files)
        - Multiple GIF images in a single file.
        - Used to deliver Web based animations.

    Flash (Macromedia *.swf Shockwave Flash files)
        - Proprietary, published specification.
        - Used to deliver Web based animations to browsers with FlashPlayer plugin.

    JAVA (Programatic animation of *.png, *.jpg, and *.gif files)
        - Java applets (Web server programs) used to deliver Web based animations to browsers with JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

  Movie Formats

    AVI Audio Video Interleave (Microsoft *.avi files)
        - Specializaion of RIFF (Resource Interchange File Format)
        - 27 different CODECs (COmpression-DECompression) 8, 16, & 24 bit color

    QuickTime (Apple *.qt, *.qtm, & *.mov files)
        - Multimedia format integrating text, graphics, video, animation, 3D, VR, and sound.
        - MPEG-4 based on QuickTime.

    MPEG Motion Picture Experts Group (ISO Standard *.mpeg *.mpg files)
        - JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) intra-frame encoding
        - DCT (Discrete Cosine Transformation) interframe compression of changes between frames

    MPEG-1 CD-ROM Movies
        - Optimal resolution 352x240@30fps
        - 24 bit color
        - CD quality sound

    MPEG-2 DVD Movies and Cable & Satellite Broadcast Quality Video
        - Resolution: 720x480@60fps 1280x720@60fps 1440x960@30fps
        - 24 bit color
        - CD quality sound

    MPEG-3 HDTV (Standard not necessary, MPEG-2 tweaked to support HDTV)
        - Resolution 1920x1080@30fps

    MPEG-4 WEB Based Audio and Video
        - Streaming audio and video
          (Compressed files downloaded over a low bandwidth network can be played during the download.)
        - Support for hyperlinks

    SGI Movie (SGI *.sgimv files)
        - One format used by SGI programs moviemaker, movieplayer and dmconvert.

    RealVideo (RealNetworks *.rv files)
        - Proprietary streaming video

16.3 Image File Formats and Conversion Programs

MMM Image Format Conversion Tools

		`ImageMagick`	`SDSC`	`Netpbm`	`XV`	`SGI`
	`Program Name`	`convert`	`imconv`	`pbm`	`xv`	`imgcopy`
	`UNIX Availability`	`Alpha Linux SGI SUN`	`Alpha SGI SUN`	`Alpha SUN`	`Alpha Linux SGI SUN`	`SGI`
`Name`	`Description`		`r = read`	`w = write`	`- = not supported`
`ALIAS`	`Alias image file`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`rw`
`ATK`	`Andrew ToolKit raster object`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`AVS`	`Application Visualization System`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`BMP`	`Windows Bitmap Format`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`
`BBN`	`BBN BitGraph`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`BDF`	`Adobe Glyph Bitmap Distribution Format`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`BRUSH`	`Xerox Doodle Brush`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`CMU`	`CMU Window Manager`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`CMYK`	`Raw CMYK Data`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`CURSOR`	`Sun Cursor File`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`DXF`	`Autodesk Drawing eXchange Format`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`EPS`	`Encapsulated PostScript file`	`-`	`w`	`w`	`w`	`-`
`EPSON`	`Epson Printer File`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`FITS`	`Flexable Image Transport System`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`
`G3`	`CCITT T.4 Group 3 Fax`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`GEM`	`GEM`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`GIF`	`Graphics Interchange Format`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`
`GRAY`	`Raw Grey Scale Data`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`HDF`	`Hierarchical Data Format`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`HIPS`	`Human Information Prosessing Lab, NYU`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`HPLJ`	`HP Laser Jet File`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`HPPJ`	`HP PaintJet XL PCLFile`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`IBLM`	`Amiga IFF ILBM`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`ICON`	`Sun Icon File`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`ICR`	`NCSA Interactive Color Raster`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`IFF`	`Sun TAAC Image File Format`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`ilTLC`	`IL TCL script image`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`rw`
`IMG`	`Img-whatnot`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`IRIS`	`Silicon Graphics Image File Format`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`
`JBIG`	`Joint Bilevel Image Group`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`JFIF`	`JPEG File Interchange Format`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`rw`
`JPEG`	`Joint Photographic Experts Group`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`
`LISPM`	`Lisp Machine bitmap`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`MACP`	`Apple Macintosh MacPaint File`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`MGR`	`MGR`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`MIFF`	`Magick Image File Format`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`MPEG`	`Moving Picture Expert Group`	`r`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`MTV`	`MTV or PRT ray traces`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`PBM`	`Portable Bitmap`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`-`
`PCD`	`Kodak PhotoCD`	`r`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`r`
`PCDO`	`Kodak PhotoCD Overview`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`r`
`.pc1 & .pc3`	`Atari Degas`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`PCX`	`ZSoft Paint`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`PDF`	`Portable Document Format`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`PDS`	`Planetary Data System Format`	`r`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`PGM`	`Portable Greymap`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`-`
`PICT`	`Macintosh Picture`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`PIX`	`Alias image file`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`PIXAR`	`PIXAR picture file`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`PLOT`	`Unix plot(5)`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`PNG`	`Portable Network Graphics`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`rw`
`PNM`	`Portable aNy Map file`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`PNTG`	`Apple Macintosh MacPaint file`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`PPM`	`Portable Pixel Map file`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`
`PS`	`PostScript File`	`rw`	`rw`	`w`	`w`	`-`
`PSID`	`PostScript Image Data`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`PXT`	`Printronix Printer File`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`QRT`	`QRT ray tracer`	`-`	`-`	`r ppm`	`-`	`-`
`RAD`	`Radience`	`r`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`RAS`	`Sun Rasterfile`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`
`RGB Raw`	`Raw RGB Data`	`rw`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`RGB SGI`	`SGI Silicon Graphics Image File Format`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`
`RLA`	`Wavefront Raster Image File`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`RLB`	`Wavefront Raster Image File`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`RLE`	`Utah Run Length Encoded Image File`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`SIXEL`	`DEC Sixel`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`SLD`	`SLD`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`SOFTIMAGE`	`SOFTIMAGE Image`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`rw`
`SPC`	`Atari Spectrum`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`SPOT`	`SPOT`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`SYNU`	`Synu Image File`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`TAAC`	`Sun TAAC Image File Format`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`TGA`	`Truevision Targa File Format`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`
`TIFF`	`Tag Image File Format`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`
`UIL`	`Motif UIL icon file`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`
`VICAR`	`Video Image Communication and Retrieval`	`r`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`VIFF`	`Visualization Image File Format`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`X10BM`	`X10 bitmap file`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`XBM`	`X11 Window BitMap`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`
`XIM`	`Xim toolkit file`	`-`	`-`	`r`	`-`	`-`
`XPM`	`X11 Window PixMap`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`
`XWD`	`X11 Window Dump`	`rw`	`rw`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`YBM`	`Bennet Yee`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`-`
`YUV`	`Abekas video YUV`	`-`	`-`	`rw`	`-`	`rw`
`YUVRaw`	`Raw YUV Data`	`rw`	`-`	`-`	`-`	`-`
`ZINC`	`Zinc Interface Library Icon`	`-`	`-`	`w`	`-`	`-`

xv
imtools

The following are available via anonymous ftp:

imconv (imtools) binaries from ftp://ftp.sdsc.edu/pub/sdsc/graphics/imtools/
xv and pbmplus sources from ftp://export.lcs.mit.edu/contrib
ghostscript for example from pprg.eece.un.edu:pub/dist/gnu

16.3.1 xv

xv is an interactive image manipulation program for the X Window System. It can operate on images in the GIF, JPEG, TIFF, PBM, PGM, PM, X11 bitmap, Sun Rasterfile, RLE, RGB, BMP, PCX and PM formats. xv provides a wide variety of tools for manipulating images such, clipping out portions of an image, rotating or smoothing the image, or converting the image to another format. The document "XV Interactive Image Display for the X Window System" is available from our computing library.

Note: Currently, jpeg and tiff files cannot be read on the DEC Alpha architecture.

16.3.2 imtools

The San Diego Super Computing Center developed a suite of tools, called imtools, for performing manipulations on images. There is a man page available for each specific tool. This software is available on all of the Unix platforms.

imadjust    - Adjusts pixel values in an image
imcat       - Concatenates multiple image files into a single 
              image file
imcltroll   - Roll color lookup table by a number of entries
imcomp      - Composites two images togther
imconv      - Convert between image file formats
imcopy      - Copy a portion of an image to a new file
imfile      - Discerns the image format of a file or files
imfill      - Fills pixels in part or all of an image
imflip      - Flip iamges vertically or horizontally and store
              in a new file
imformats   - List information on image file formats
imgray      - Convert an image to grayscale
imhist      - Compute a histogram of an image
immono      - Convert an image to monochrome
impaste     - Paste an image atop a background and store 
              in a new file
imroll      - Rolls images vertically and/or horizontally
imrotate    - Rotate an image
imscale     - Scales an image up or down and saves it in a
              new file

imsplit     - Splits a multi-image file into separate file

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