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The Structure and Evolution of a Hurricane in Vertical Wind Shear:

Hurricane Elena (1985)

 

Kristen Corbosiero

NCAR ASP Postdoctoral Fellow

 

One of the most complete datasets of a tropical cyclone was recorded in Hurricane Elena (1985), as the storm made a three-day loop in the Gulf of Mexico.  Eighty-eight radial flight legs and 1,142 radar scans were collected as the storm intensified from a disorganized category two to an intense category three hurricane.  This unprecedented amount of data was used to analyze the evolution of both the symmetric structure and azimuthal asymmetries within the storm. 

 

On the first day of study, Elena was under the influence of strong vertical wind shear from an upper tropospheric trough.  The storm had no discernable eyewall and nearly steady values of tangential wind and relative vorticity.  Early on the second day, a near superposition and constructive interference occurred between the trough and Elena, initiating a period of rapid intensification.  Tangential wind spin-up and diabatic heating within the eyewall produced an annular vorticity profile, like those that have been shown to support barotropic instability.  In the three to four hour window before intensification ceased, the amplitude in wavenumbers one and two increased significantly as the unstable vorticity profile broke down.  This was accompanied by the appearance of an elliptical eyewall, asymmetric mixing between the eye and eyewall, and propagating inner spiral rainbands with properties consistent with vortex Rossby wave theory.  The asymmetric mixing between the eye and eyewall appeared to act as a brake on intensification from which Elena was unable to recover due the storm’s proximity to land and the ingestion of low equivalent potential temperature air.

 

 

Thursday, 22 September 2005, 3:30 PM

Refreshments 3:15 PM

NCAR-Foothills Laboratory

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