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GEWEX Cloud System Study - Working Group 4 Publications - By Topic |
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WG 4 and related Publications Alphabetical List available here. Please send additions to this list to Wojtek
Grabowski. I. OVERVIEW, REVIEW AND MODEL INTERCOMPARISONS Bechtold, P., J.L. Redelsperger, I. Beau, M. Blackburn, S. Brinkop, J.Y. Grandpeix, A.Grant, D. Gregory, F. Guichard, C. Hoff, and E. Ioannidou, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA-COARE. II: Intercomparison of single-column models and a cloud-resolving model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor.Soc., 126, 865-888. Browning, K. A., 1994: GEWEX cloud system study (GCSS) science plan. IGPO Publication Series, No. 11. Gregory, D., and F. Guichard, 2000: Aspects of the parametrization of organized convection: contrasting cloud resolving model and single column realizations. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc.,submitted October 2000. GCSS Science Team, 1993: The GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 74, 387-399. Ghan, S., D. A. Randall, K.-M. Xu, R. Cederwall, D. Cripe, J. Hack, S. Iacobellis, S. Klein, S. K. Krueger, U. Lohmann, J. Pedretti, A. Robock, L. Rotstayn, R. Somerville, G. Stenchikov, Y. Sud, G. Walker, S. Xie, J. Yio, M. Zhang, 1999: An intercomparison of single column model simulations of summertime midlatitude continental convection. J. Geophys. Res., 105, 2091-2124. Krueger, S. K., 1997: A GCSS Intercomparison of Cloud-Resolving Models based on TOGA COARE Observations. Proceedings of the ECMWF/GCSS Workshop on New Insights and Approaches to Convective Parameterization, Reading, England, U.K., ECMWF, 113-127. Krueger, S. K., and S. M. Lazarus, 1998: Intercomparison of multi-day simulations of convection during TOGA COARE with several cloud-resolving and single-column models. Proceedings of the Eighth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting, Tucson, Arizona , DOE, 391-397. Krueger, S. K., and S. M. Lazarus, 1999: Intercomparison of multi-day simulations of convection during TOGA COARE with several cloud-resolving and single-column models. Preprints, 23rd Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Dallas, TX, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 643-647. Moncrieff, M. W., S. K. Krueger, D. Gregory, J.-L. Redelsperger, and W.-K. Tao, 1997: GEWEX Cloud System Study (GCSS) Working Group 4: Precipitating Convective Cloud Systems. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 78, 831-845.[Abstract] [Print Version] Redelsperger, J. L., P.R.A. Brown, F. Guichard, C. Hoff, M. Kawasima, S. Lang, Th. Montmerle, K. Nakamura, K. Saito, C. Seman, W.K. Tao, and L.J. Donner., 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA-COARE. I: Cloud-resolving models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor.Soc.,126, 823-864. Randall, D. A., K.-M. Xu, R. C. J. Somerville, and S. Iacobellis, 1996: Single-column models and cloud ensemble models as links between observations and climate models. J. Climate, 9, 1683-1697. Redelsperger, J.L. Ph. Brown, F. Guichard, C. Hoff, M. Kawasima, S. Lang, Th. Montmerle, K. Nakamura, K. Saito, C. Seman, W.K. Tao, and L.J Donner, 2000: A GCSS model intercomparison for a tropical squall line observed during TOGA-COARE. Part 1: Cloud-Resolving Models. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 823-864. Xie, S.-C., K.-M. Xu, R. T. Cederwall, P. Bechtold,
A. D. Del Genio, S. A. Klein , D. G. Cripe, S. J. Ghan, D. Gregory,
S. F. Iacobellis, Xu, K.-M., 1993: Cumulus ensemble simulation. In The Representation of Cumulus Convection in Numerical Models. Kerry A. Emanuel and David J. Raymond, Eds., Meteor. Monogr. Vol. 24, No. 46, 221-235. Xu, K.-M., S. K. Krueger, D. A. Randall, and S. Xie, 2003: Comparison of cloud-resolving model with single-column model simulations of summertime midlatitude convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. (submitted) Xu, K.-M., R. T. Cederwall, L. J. Donner, W. W. Grabowski, F. Guichard, D. E. Johnson, M. Khairoutdinov, S. K. Krueger, J. C. Petch, D. A. Randall, C. J. Seman, W.-K. Tao, D. Wang, S. C. Xie, J. J. Yio, and M.-H. Zhang, 2001: An Intercomparison of Cloud-Resolving Models with the ARM Summer 1997 IOP Data. Accepted by Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, October 2001.
Caniaux, G., J.-L. Redelsperger, and J.-P. Lafore, 1994 A numerical study of the stratiform region of a fast-moving squall line. Part I. General description, and water and heat budgets. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 2046-2074. Donner, L. J., C. J. Seman, and R. S. Hemler, 1999: Three-dimensional cloud-system modeling of GATE convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1885-1912. Grabowski, W.~W., M. W. Moncrieff, and J.~T.~Kiehl, 1996a: Long-term behavior of precipitating tropical cloud systems: A numerical study. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 122, 1019-1042. Gregory, D., and M. J. Miller, 1989: A numerical study of the parameterization of deep tropical convection. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 115, 1209-1241. Guichard, F., J.-L. Redelsperger, and J.-P. Lafore, 1996: The behaviour of a cloud ensemble in response to external forcings. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 122, 1043-1073. Krueger, S. K., 1988: Numerical simulation of tropical cumulus clouds and their interaction with the subcloud layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2221-2250. Lipps, F. B., and R. S. Hemler, 1986: Numerical simulation of deep tropical convection associated with large-scale convergence. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1796- 1816. Nakajima, K., and T. Matsuno, 1988: Numerical experiments concerning the origin of cloud clusters in the tropical atmosphere. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 66, 309-329. Ogura, Y., and J.-Y. Jiang, 1985: A modeling study of heating and drying effects of convective clouds in an extratropical mesoscale convective system. J. Atmos. Sci., 42, 2478-2492. Robe, F. R., and K. A. Emanuel, 1996: Moist convective scaling: Some inferences from three-dimensional cloud ensemble simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3265-3275. Soong, S.-T., and W.-K. Tao, 1980: Response of tropical cumulus clouds to mesoscale processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2016-2034. Tao, W.-K., and S.-T. Soong, 1986: A study of the response of deep tropical clouds to mesoscale processes: Three-dimensional numerical experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 2653-2676. Wu, X., 2002: Effects of ice microphysics on tropical radiative-convective-oceanic quasi-equilibrium states. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 1885-1897. Xu, K.-M., A. Arakawa, and S. K. Krueger, 1992: The macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cumulus ensemble model. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2402-2420. Xu, K.-M., and D.A. Randall, 1998: Influence of large-scale advective cooling and moistening effects on the quasi-equilibrium behavior of explicitly simulated cumulus ensembles. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 896-909. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1999: A sensitivity study of radiative-convective equilibrium in the Tropics with a convection-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3385-3399. Yamasaki, M., 1975: A numerical experiment of the interaction between cumulus convection and larger-scale motion. Pap. Meteor. Geophys., 26, 63-91.
Grabowski, W. W., X. Wu, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: Cloud-resolving model of tropical cloud systems during Phase III of GATE. Part I: Two-dimensional experiments. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3684-3709. Grabowski, W. W., X. Wu, M. W. Moncrieff, and W. D. Hall, 1998: Cloud resolving modeling of tropical cloud systems during Phase III of GATE. Part II: Effects of resolution and the third spatial dimension. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3264-3282. Grabowski, W. W., X. Wu, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1999: Cloud resolving modeling of tropical cloud systems during Phase III of GATE. Part III: Effects of microphysical parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2384-2402. Guichard, F., J.L. Redelsperger and J.P. Lafore, 2000: Cloud-resolving simulation of convective activity during TOGA-COARE: sensitivity to sources of uncertainties. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 126, 3067-3096. Li, X., C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and M.-D. Chou, 1999: Large-scale forcing and cloud radiation interaction in the tropical deep convective regime. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3028-3042. Redelsperger, J.-L., and J.-P. Lafore, 1988: A three-dimensional simulation of a tropical squall line: convective organization and thermodynamic vertical transport. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1334-1356. Su, H., S. S. Chen, and C. S. Bretherton, 1999: Three-dimensional week-long simulations of TOGA COARE convective systems using the MM5 mesoscale model. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 2326-2344. Wu, X., W. W. Grabowski, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: Long-term evolution of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part I: Two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2693-2714. Wu, X., and M. A. LeMone, 1999: Fine structure of cloud patterns within the intraseasonal oscillation during TOGA COARE. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 2503-2513. Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Long-term behavior of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part III: Effects on the energy budget and SST. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1155-1168. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1996: Explicit simulation of cumulus ensembles with the GATE Phase III data: Comparison with observation. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3710-3736. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 2000: Explicit simulation of cumulus ensembles in midlatitude: Comparison with ARM observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2839-2858. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Updraft and downdraft statistics of simulated tropical and midlatitude cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1630-1649. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 2001: Explicit simulation of cumulus ensembles with the GATE Phase III data: Budgets of a composite easterly wave. Q. J. Roy Meteor. Soc., 127, 1571-1591.
Caniaux, G., J.-P. Lafore, and J.-L. Redelsperger, 1995: A numerical study of the stratiform region of a fast-moving squall line. Part II: Relationship between mass, pressure and momentum fields. Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 52, 331-352. Kershaw, R., and D. Gregory, 1997: Parametrization of momentum transport by convection. I. Theory and cloud modelling results. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1133-1151. Lafore, J.-P., J.-L. Redelsperger, and G. Jaubert, 1988: Comparison between a three-dimensional simulation and Doppler radar data of a tropical squall line: transports of mass, momentum, heat, and moisture. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3483-3500. Lipps, F. B., and R. S. Hemler, 1991: Numerical modeling of a midlatitude squall line: Features of the convection and vertical momentum flux. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1909-1929 Mapes, B., and X. Wu., 2001: Convective eddy momentum tendencies in long cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 517-526. Soong, S.-T., and W.-K. Tao, 1984: A numerical study of the vertical transport of momentum in a tropical rainband. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1049-1061. Tao, W.-K., and S.-T. Soong, 1986: A study of the
response of deep Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: Collective effects of organized convection and their approximation in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1477-1495.
Fu, Q., S. K. Krueger, and K. N. Liou, 1995: Interactions of radiation and convection in simulated tropical cloud clusters. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1310-1328. Li, X., C.-H. Sui, K.-M. Lau, and M.-D. Chou, 1999: Large-scale forcing and cloud radiation interaction in the tropical deep convective regime. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3028-3042. Liu, C., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1998: A numerical study of the diurnal cycle of tropical oceanic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2329-2344. Sui, C.-H., X. Li, and K.-M. Lau, 1998: Radiative-convective processes in simulated diurnal variation of tropical oceanic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 2345-2357. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, B. Ferrier, and M.-D. Chou, 1996: Mechanisms of cloud-radiation interaction in the Tropics and midlatitudes. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2624-2651. Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, S. Lang, J. Scala, B. Ferrier, M.-D. Chou, and K. Pickering, 1993: Heating, moisture and water budgets of tropical and mid-latitude squall lines: Comparisons and sensitivity to longwave radiation. J. Atmos. Sci. 50, 673-690. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall 1995: Impact of interactive radiative transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part I: Sensitivity tests J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 785-799. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall 1995: Impact of interactive radiative transfer on the macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles. Part II: Mechanisms for cloud-radiation interactions. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 800-817. Wu, X., W. D. Hall, W. W. Grabowski, M. W. Moncrieff, W. D. Collins, and J. T. Kiehl, 1999: Long-term evolution of cloud systems in TOGA COARE and their interactions with radiative and surface processes. Part II: Effects of ice microphsics on cloud-radiation interaction. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3177-3195.
Grabowski, W. W., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Large-scale organization of tropical convection in two-dimensional explicit numerical simulations. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 127, 445-468. Grabowski, W. W., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2002: Large-scale organization of tropical convection in two-dimensional explicit numerical simulations: Effects of interactive radiation. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 128, 2349-2375. Grabowski, W. W., 2002: Large-scale organization of moist convection in idealized aquaplanet simulations. Int. J. Numer. Methods in Fluids, 39, 843-853. Grabowski, W. W., 2003: MJO-like coherent structures: Sensitivity simulations using the Cloud-Resolving Convection Parameterization (CRCP). J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 847-864. Held, I. M., R. S. Hemler, and V. Ramaswamy, 1993: Radiative-convective equilibrium with explicit two-dimensional moist convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 3909-3927. Lau, K.-M., C.-H. Sui, and W.-K. Tao, 1993: A preliminary study of the tropical water cycle and its sensitivity to surface warming. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 73, 1313-1321. Lau, K.-M., C.-H. Sui, M.-D. Chou, and W.-K. Tao, 1994: An inquiry into the cirrus-cloud thermostat effect for tropical sea surface temperature. J. Geophys. Lett., 21, 1157-1160. Randall, D. A., Q. Hu, K.-M. Xu, and S. K. Krueger, 1994: Radiative-convective disequilibrium. Atmos. Res., 31, 315-327. Sui, C.-H., K.-M. Lau, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1994: The tropical water and energy cycles in a cumulus ensemble model. Part I: Equilibrium climate. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 711-728. Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, C.-H. Sui, C.-L. Shie, B. Zhou, K.-M. Lau, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1999: Equilibrium states simulated by cloud-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci. 56, 3128-3139. Tompkins, A. M., and G. C. Craig, 1998: Radiative-convective equilibrium in a three-dimensional cloud ensemble model. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 2073-2097. Tompkins, A. M., and G. C. Craig, 1998: Timescales of adjustment to radiative-convective equilibrium in the tropical atmosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 124, 2693-2713. Tompkins, A. M., and G. C. Craig, 1999: Sensitivity of tropical convection to sea surface temperature in the absence of large-scale flow. J. Climate, 12, 462-476 Tompkins, A. M., and K. A. Emanuel, 2000: The vertical resolution sensitivity of simulated equilibrium temperature and water vapor profiles. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., ADD PAGE NUMBERS Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1999: Effects of sea surface temperature and large-scale dynamics on the thermodynamic equilibrium state and convection over the tropical western Pacific. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6093-6100. Xu, K.-M, and D. A. Randall, 1999: A sensitivity study of radiative-convective equilibrium in the Tropics with a convection-resolving model. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3385-3399. VII. EVALUATION/DEVELOPMENT OF CLOUD PARAMETERIZATION Bechtold, P., Bazile, E., Guichard, F., Mascart, P., and Richard, E., 2001: A mass flux convection scheme for regional and global models. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 127, 869-886. Grabowski, W. W., and P. K. Smolarkiewicz, 1999: CRCP: A Cloud Resolving Convection Parameterization for Modeling the Tropical Convecting Atmosphere. Physica D, 133, 171-178. Grabowski, W. W., 2001: Coupling cloud processes with the large-scale dynamics using the Cloud-Resolving Convection Parameterization (CRCP). J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 978-997. Gregory, D. and F. Guichard, 2002: Aspects of the parametrization of organized convection: contrasting cloud resolving model and single column realizations, Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 625-646. Guichard, F., J.-P. Lafore, and J.-L. Redelsperger, 1997: Thermodynamical impact and internal structure of a tropical convective cloud system. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 2297-2324. Krueger, S. K., 1988: Numerical simulation of tropical cumulus clouds and their interaction with the subcloud layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2221-2250. Lin, C., and A. Arakawa, 1997: The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble. Part I: Entrainment sources. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1027-1043. Lin, C., and A. Arakawa, 1997: The macroscopic entrainment processes of simulated cumulus ensemble. Part II: Testing the entraining-plume model. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1044-1053. Lin, C., 1999: Some bulk properties of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cloud-resolving model. Part I: Cloud root properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3724-3735. Lin, C., 1999: Some bulk properties of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cloud-resolving model. Part II: Entrainment profiles. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 3736-3748. Luo, Y., S. K. Krueger, G. G. Mace, and K.-M. Xu, 2003: Cirrus cloud properties from a cloud-resolving model simulation compared to cloud radar observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 610-525. Redelsperger, J.L., F. Guichard, and S. Mondon, 2000: A parameterization of mesoscale enhancement of surface fluxes for large scale models. J. Climate, 13, 402-421. Tao, W.-K., J. Simpson, and S.-T. Soong, 1987: Statistical properties of a cloud ensemble: A numerical study. J. Atmos. Sci. 44, 3175-3187. Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 1996: Collective effects of organized convection and their approximation in general circulation models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1477-1495. Wu, X., and M. W. Moncrieff, 2001: Sensitivity of single-column model solutions to convective parameterizations and initial conditions. J. Climate, 12, 2563-2582. Xu, K.-M. 1994: A statistical analysis of the dependency of closure assumptions in cumulus parameterization on the horizontal resolution. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3674-3691. Xu, K.-M., 1995: Partitioning mass, heat and moisture budgets of explicitly simulated cumulus ensembles into convective and stratiform components. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 551-573. Xu, K.-M., and S. K. Krueger, 1991: Evaluation of cloudiness parameterization using a cumulus ensemble model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 342-367. Xu, K.-M., and A. Arakawa, 1992: Semi-prognostic tests of the Arakawa-Schubert cumulus parameterization using simulated data. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2421-2436. Xu, K.-M., A. Arakawa, and S. K. Krueger, 1992: The macroscopic behavior of cumulus ensembles simulated by a cumulus ensemble model. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 2402-2420. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall 1996: A semiempirical cloudiness parameterizations for use in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3084-3102. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall 1996: Evaluation of statistically based cloudiness parameterizations used in climate models. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3103-3119. Xu, K.-M., and D. A. Randall, 1998: Influence of large-scale advective cooling and moistening effects on the quasi-equilibrium behavior of explicitly simulated cumulus ensembles. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 896-909.
Andronache, C., L. J. Donner, C. J. Seman, V. Ramaswamy, and R. S. Hemler, 1999: Atmospheric sulfur and deep convective clouds in tropical Pacific: A model study. J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4005-4024. Diongue, A., J.P. Lafore, J.L. Redelsperger and R. Roca, 2002: Numerical study of a sahelian synoptic weather system: Interactions between cloud and synoptic scales. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 128, 1899-1927. Grabowski, W. W., 1998: Toward cloud resolving modeling of large-scale tropical circulations: A simple cloud microphysics parameterization. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3283-3298. Grabowski, W. W., 1999: A parameterization of cloud microphysics for long-term cloud-resolving modeling of tropical convection. Atmos. Res., 52, 17-41. Grabowski, W. W., J.-I. Yano, and M. W. Moncrieff, 2000: Cloud-resolving modeling of tropical circulations driven by large-scale SST gradients. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2022-2039. Islam, S., R. L. Bras, and K. A. Emanuel, 1993: Predictability of mesoscale rainfall in the Tropics. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 297-310. Jabouille, P., J.-L. Redelsperger, and L.-P. Lafore, 1996: Modification of surface fluxes by atmospheric convection in the TOGA COARE region. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 816-837. Krueger, S. K., and A. Bergeron, 1994: Modeling the trade cumulus boundary layer. Atmos. Res., 33,169-192. Krueger, S. K., G. T. McLean, and Q. Fu, 1995: Numerical simulation of the stratus-to-cumulus transition in the subtropical marine boundary layer. Part I: Boundary-layer structure. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2839-2850. Krueger, S. K., G. T. McLean, and Q. Fu, 1995: Numerical simulation of the stratus-to-cumulus transition in the subtropical marine boundary layer. Part II: Boundary-layer circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2851-2868. Krueger, S. K., Q. Fu, K. N. Liou, and H.-N. Chin, 1995: Improvements of an ice-phase microphysics parameterization for use in numerical simulations of tropical convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 34, 281-287. Lac, C., J.P. Lafore and J.L. Redelsperger, 2002: Role of gravity waves in triggering deep convection during TOGA-COARE. J. Atmos. Sci.,59, 1293-1316. Lipps, F. B., and R. S. Hemler, 1992: On the downward transfer of tritium to the ocean by a cloud model. J. Geophys. Res., 97, 12889-12900. Liu, S., and S. K. Krueger, 1998: Numerical simulations of altocumulus using a cloud resolving model and a mixed layer model. Atmos. Res., 47-48, 461-474. Lu, R., C. Lin, R. Turco, and A. Arakawa, 2000: Cumulus transport of chemical tracers. Part I: Cloud-resolving model simulations. J. Geophys. Res. PAGE NUMBERS Lynn, B. H., W.-K. Tao, and P. Wetzel, 1998: A study of landscape generated deep moist convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 928-942. Lynn, B. H., W.-K. Tao, and F. Abramopoulos, 2001: A parameterization for the triggering of landscape generated moist convection, Part I: Analyses of high resolution model results, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 575-592. Lynn, B. H., and W.-K. Tao, 2001: A parameterization for the triggering of landscape-generated moist convection. Part II: Zero-Order and First-Order Closure. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 593-607. McCumber, M., W.-K. Tao, J. Simpson, R. Penc, and S.-T. Soong, 1991: Comparison of ice-phase microphysical parameterization schemes using numerical simulations of tropical convection. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 985-1004. Redelsperger, J.L., D. Parsons and F. Guichard, 2002: Recovery processes and factors limiting cloud-top height following the arrival of a dry air intrusion observed during TOGA-COARE. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 2438-2457. Soong, S.-T., and Y. Ogura, 1980: Response of tradewind cumuli to large-scale processes. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2035-2050. Simpson, J., and W.-K. Tao, 1993: The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. Part II: Applications for studying cloud precipitating processes and for NASA TRMM. Terr. Atmos. Oce. Sci., 3, 73-116. Swann, H., 1998: Sensitivity to the representation of precipitating ice in CRM simulations of deep convection. Atmos. Res., 47-48, 415-435. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1984: Cloud interactions and merging: Numerical simulations. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2901-2917. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1989: A further study of cloud interactions and merging: Three-dimensional simulations with trajectory analyses. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2974-3004. Tao, W.-K., and J. Simpson, 1993: The Goddard Cumulus Ensemble Model. Part I: Model description. Terr. Atmos. Oce. Sci., 3, 35-72. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, and R. F. Adler, 1993: Retrieval algorithms for estimating the vertical profiles of latent heat release: Their application to TRMM. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 71, 685-700. Tao, W.-K., S. Lang, J. Simpson, D. Johnson, B. Ferrier, W. S. Olson, C. Kummerow, and R. Adler, 1999: Retrieval vertical profiles of latent heat release for TOGA COARE convective systems using cloud model, SSM/I, and radar derived rainfall information. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, PAGE NUMBERS
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